Drug-Target Interaction Prediction via Hierarchical Sequential Cross-Attention over Chemical and Protein Language Models
This study addresses the limitation of existing drug-target interaction (DTI) models that independently encode sequences and struggle to explicitly model cross-molecular dependencies. Inspired by the induced-fit mechanism, we propose a bidirectional cross-attention framework. Methodologically, it integrates ChemBERTa and ESM-2 pretrained representations, employing hierarchical sequential cross-attention to enable fine-grained interactions between chemical substructures and protein regions. One-dimensional convolutions and attention pooling are then utilized to construct fixed-size interaction vectors. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the BIOSNAP dataset and matches SOTA AUROC on the Davis dataset. Notably, with only 25.2M parameters, it maintains strong competitiveness while exhibiting superior cold-start generalization capabilities.