A Comparative Study of Graph Neural Network Layer Selection for Interaction Modelling in Driving Trajectory Prediction
Current graph neural networks (GNNs) used in autonomous driving trajectory prediction lack systematic evaluation and design guidance regarding their ability to model spatial interactions and temporal dynamics across different layers. This work systematically evaluates 19 GNN layers within a unified framework, integrating multi-head attention mechanisms with various aggregation strategies. The study reveals that sum aggregation consistently outperforms mean aggregation, and that incorporating distance-aware edge weighting alongside multi-head attention significantly enhances modeling capacity. Through extensive experiments, five superior layer combinations are identified, with ARMA, Chebyshev, and topology-aware layers consistently achieving state-of-the-art performance and substantially improving prediction accuracy. These findings lead to practical design principles for effective GNN architectures in trajectory forecasting.