Learning Reflexive Behavior for Contact-Rich Manipulation
This study addresses the performance limitations of contact-rich manipulation caused by mismatches between preset stiffness or directions in traditional control and environmental constraints. We propose a proprioception-based reflex strategy trained in simulation with a frozen execution layer. By leveraging interaction primitives such as springs and planes alongside state-history mapping, the method translates task commands into joint targets, decoupling contact responses from command generation without requiring direct force or geometric measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach maintains low contact forces during box lifting and outperforms baselines in surface following. Furthermore, it improves peg-in-hole insertion success rates by 36–58% while reducing contact forces by approximately 50%, thereby providing robust low-level execution capabilities for high-level planning.