Multimodal reasoning for broadly neutralizing antibody discovery from label-free human B cell repertoires across virus families
This study addresses the extreme scarcity and unclear cellular origins of broadly neutralizing antibodies, as well as the limited cross-viral-family generalizability of existing discovery tools. To overcome these challenges, this work proposes ImmuneAgent, a closed-loop artificial intelligence system that integrates multimodal reasoning with continual meta-learning and incorporates wet-lab feedback mechanisms to efficiently screen candidate antibodies from unlabeled B-cell repertoires. The proposed system achieves a neutralization rate of 55% and a broad-spectrum antibody yield of 11%. Notably, five candidate antibodies confer 100% protection against influenza in murine models and successfully generalize to human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Collectively, this research establishes a universal intelligent paradigm for cross-viral-family antibody discovery.