MedZERO: Self-Evolving Agents for Open-Ended Medical Reasoning Through Controlled Knowledge Accumulation
This study addresses the limitations of large language models in medical reasoning, specifically their reliance on static knowledge and the prohibitive costs of expert supervision. To overcome these challenges, we propose a self-evolving framework tailored for open-domain medical applications, wherein question-generation and problem-solving agents collaborate to achieve continuous optimization. Furthermore, this work introduces a novel controlled knowledge accumulation strategy that integrates multi-turn evidence-guided reasoning, external tool invocation, and both exploratory and persistent knowledge management techniques to ensure iterative reliability. This mechanism effectively transcends the static knowledge bottleneck inherent in existing approaches. Extensive evaluations across five benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms current baselines, achieving an average accuracy improvement of up to 13.7 percentage points.