Towards realistic large random models of labeled transition systems and their 0-1 laws

2026-07-16

AI Summary

This work addresses the lack of theoretical characterization in large-scale labeled transition systems (LTS), which has hindered the principled design of heuristics in model checking. For the first time, we systematically apply random graph theory to construct a probabilistic model of large-scale LTS with realistic parameters and analyze its asymptotic behavior under both LTL and CTL logics. We establish convergence properties—specifically, 0–1 laws—for the satisfaction probability of logical formulas and develop efficient algorithms to compute the corresponding limiting probabilities. Our results provide a rigorous theoretical foundation for heuristic strategies in model checking and fill a critical gap in the formal analysis of large-scale LTS.

Abstract

Model checking is the automated verification of properties (specified in some modal logic) in labeled transition systems (LTSs); it is an essential tool in ensuring software systems function as intended. State spaces of software grow exponentially, and heuristics are needed to ensure model checking remains feasible in real-world applications. Heuristics, in turn, require a good understanding on the typical behaviour of LTSs. In this paper, we use random graph theory to create a probabilistic model of large LTSs. From a theoretical analysis of the creation of large LTSs, backed by empirical data from the Model Checking Contest, we endow these models with realistic parameter values. Then, we analyze the asymptotic behaviour of this model under LTL and CTL, two modal logics popular in model checking. We show that, depending on the precise model, as the size grows to infinity we either have a convergence law (for every formula, the probability that it holds converges to a limit) or a 0-1 law (...and this limit is 0 or 1). We also discuss the theoretical complexity of determining these limits, and give algorithms for doing so. These results are the starting point towards a deep theoretical understanding of typical LTS behaviour, and highlight the promising applicability of random graph theory to model checking. \keywords{Model checking \and Random graphs \and 0-1 laws

Problem

• Model checking
• Random graphs
• 0-1 laws
• Labeled transition systems
• Asymptotic behavior

Innovation

• Random graphs
• Labeled transition systems
• 0-1 laws
• Model checking
• Convergence laws