Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
Semi-Quantum Secret Sharing
Collusion Attack
Information-Theoretic Security
Quantum Third Party
Collusion-Secure Semi-Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme using a Quantum Third Party
🤖 AI Summary
This study addresses the security vulnerability in semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) wherein a quantum third party colludes with classical participants to illicitly obtain the shared secret. To mitigate this threat, we propose a novel information-theoretically secure protocol resistant to collusion attacks. Built upon the semi-quantum computing model and Bell states, the proposed scheme introduces a classical dealer to facilitate secret distribution, thereby effectively eliminating susceptibility to collusion attacks while enhancing robustness against DCNA attacks. Rigorous security analysis demonstrates that the protocol withstands a broad spectrum of internal and external attacks. Furthermore, comparative evaluations reveal that our approach significantly outperforms existing methods in both qubit efficiency and overall system robustness, offering a practical and secure solution for SQSS.
📝 Abstract
The security of a secret sharing protocol is compromised if one or more dishonest participants can reconstruct the secret by deviating from the prescribed protocol, particularly when such malicious behavior remains undetected. Semi-Quantum Secret Sharing (SQSS) is a variant of secret sharing in which the participants possess only classical capabilities, such as preparing and measuring qubits in the computational ($Z$) basis, while a quantum-capable third party assists the dealer in generating and distributing quantum shares of a classical secret. The limited quantum capabilities of the participants in SQSS protocols may introduce vulnerabilities to collusion attacks, enabling an assisting quantum third party, in collaboration with a dishonest classical participant, to jointly recover the secret even without detection. In this work, we propose a novel SQSS protocol that eliminates this vulnerability and achieves information-theoretic security against collusion attacks. We further prove that the proposed protocol is secure against a broad class of external and internal attacks. Finally, a comparative analysis demonstrates that our construction advances existing SQSS protocols by simultaneously optimizing qubit efficiency, involves a classical dealer, and resilience against DCNA attacks using basic Bell states.
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
Semi-Quantum Secret Sharing
Collusion-Secure
Information-Theoretic Security
Bell States
Qubit Efficiency
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