ChargeBD: Character-Aware Heterogeneous Agent Reasoning for Guided Engineering in Battery Development

2026-06-10

AI Summary

This study addresses the complex engineering challenges in redox flow battery development, which involve multi-scale considerations, multiple objectives, and stringent constraints that general-purpose large language models struggle to navigate effectively for innovation and system-level trade-offs. To overcome this limitation, the authors propose a novel role-aware heterogeneous agent reasoning framework inspired by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which uniquely translates personality types into structured cognitive bias templates to enable collaborative reasoning tailored to battery engineering. Built upon DeepSeek-V3-Plus and evaluated using a custom redox flow battery (RFB) problem set, the ESS-LLM benchmark, and a matrix mapping role-specific capabilities and cognitive strengths, the framework quantitatively assesses the performance of 16 distinct role-based agents in guided engineering decision-making. The approach demonstrates significant improvements in the adaptability and reasoning efficacy of large language models within specialized engineering contexts.

Abstract

Redox-flow battery (RFB) research spans molecular design, electrolyte optimization, electrode and membrane materials, stack operation, system management, and safety analysis, making it a constrained, multi-scale, and multi-objective energy-storage R&D problem. Although large language models (LLMs) can support scientific knowledge integration and proposal generation, generic LLM reasoning remains insufficiently adaptive across innovation-oriented exploration, rule-based execution, mechanistic modeling, and system-level trade-offs. Here we introduce ChargeBD, a character-aware heterogeneous-agent reasoning framework for guided engineering in battery development. Starting from a 50-question RFB-specific task set, we construct a 500-question ESS-LLM Benchmark and define MBTI-inspired persona agents as structured cognitive-bias templates rather than psychometric instruments or representations of real personalities. DeepSeek-V3-Plus is selected as the shared base model, and 16 MBTI-inspired persona agents are evaluated to construct a persona capability matrix and a cognitive advantage matrix.

Problem

• redox-flow battery
• multi-objective optimization
• large language models
• heterogeneous agent reasoning
• guided engineering

Innovation

• heterogeneous agent reasoning
• character-aware LLM
• MBTI-inspired persona
• battery development
• multi-scale engineering