Digital Twin Empowered In-Vehicular Channel Modeling and Wireless Planning in the Terahertz Band

2025-11-11

AI Summary

To address the low modeling accuracy of in-vehicle wireless channels at 300 GHz—hindering ultra-high-speed, low-latency V2X communications—this paper proposes a measurement-integrated digital twin framework for车载 channel modeling. Channel measurements are conducted using a vector network analyzer; vehicle geometry is reconstructed from point-cloud data to build a high-fidelity digital twin, which is then embedded into the open-source ray-tracing platform Sionna. The resulting hybrid channel model significantly improves multipath propagation prediction accuracy, yielding SINR distributions, coverage probability estimates, and optimal transmitter placement optimizations that closely match empirical measurements. The key innovation lies in the first systematic integration of digital twin technology into terahertz in-vehicle channel modeling and wireless system planning. This approach provides a reproducible, scalable foundation for designing 6G vehicular terahertz communication systems.

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Application Domains: Mobility, Driving & Flight
• Search and Optimization: Sampling/Simulation-based Search

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Web performance, measurement, and characterization
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Foundation models and LLMs for Web-related graphs

Abstract

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology has emerged as a key enabler of intelligent transportation systems, while the Terahertz (THz) band offers abundant spectrum resources to support ultra-high-speed and low-latency V2X communications. This paper investigates the in-vehicle wireless channel in the 300~GHz band. First, channel measurement based on vector-network-analyzer (VNA) is conducted under typical V2X scenarios, including with/without human, and window-on/off cases. Then, a digital twin (DT) of the vehicle is constructed from high-resolution point cloud data and a measurement-based material property database. The DT is integrated into an open-source ray-tracing (RT) simulator, Sionna, to model multipath propagation. The DT-empowered simulation results are analyzed and validated with the measurement data, showing strong agreement and validating the feasibility. Finally, a hybrid ray-tracing-statistic channel model is established, combining the RT results and measurement data. Leveraging the validated model, further wireless planning is carried out, including signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) analysis, coverage probability evaluation, and optimal transmitter (Tx) placement. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and deployment of future THz in-vehicle communication systems.

Problem

• Modeling in-vehicle THz wireless channels using digital twin technology
• Validating channel models through measurements and ray-tracing simulations
• Optimizing wireless planning for THz vehicle communication systems

Innovation

• Digital twin constructed from point cloud data
• Hybrid ray-tracing-statistical channel modeling approach
• Validated model enables wireless planning optimization