Light-Adapted Electroretinogram and Oscillatory Potentials (LEOPs) Dataset for Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Individuals

2026-04-18

AI Summary

This study addresses the critical lack of standardized electroretinogram (ERG) datasets for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has hindered research into neurodevelopmental disorders using visual physiological signals. The work presents the first multicenter, publicly available photopic ERG and oscillatory potentials (OPs) dataset, comprising 2,500 typically developing children, 1,730 with ASD, and 451 with ASD+ADHD. Data were acquired using handheld RETeval devices following ISCEV standards with skin electrodes on both eyes, employing a nine-level randomized flash sequence and high-luminance stimuli. The dataset includes 5,309 ERG and 4,434 OPs waveforms, accompanied by electrode placement images, diagnostic scores, standardized protocols, and reproducible stimulus code, all structured to support machine learning and cross-modal analyses.

Technology Category

• Application Domains: Humanities & Computational Social Science
• Intelligent Robots: Multimodal Perception & Sensor Fusion
• Computer Vision: Multi-modal Vision

Application Category

• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Data quality aspects of human-annotated datasets
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Ad search and search for Web retail
• Security and Privacy: Data transparency and provenance

Abstract

The LEOPs (Light-ERG-Oscillatory Potentials) dataset provides light-adapted (LA) electroretinogram (ERG) and Oscillatory Potentials (OPs) waveforms for typically developing Control, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and ASD + Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) childhood and adolescent populations. The ERGs were recorded in the Right And Left eyes with skin electrodes using the handheld RETeval device at two sites in Australia and the United Kingdom. The LEOPs dataset includes 5309 single flash ERG and 4434 OPs waveforms as well as images selected from each participant showing the position of the skin electrode. The LEOPs dataset is constructed from recordings using a 9 step randomized flash series from $-0.37$ to $1.20$~$Td.s$, a 2 step at 113 and 446 $Td.s$ flash strengths (2500 Control, 1730 ASD and 451 ASD + ADHD samples), as well as the $85$~$Td.s$ (Light Adapted 3 $cd.s.m^{-2}$ (LA3)) equivalent International Society of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) Standard flash with 435 Control, 176 ASD and 37 ASD + ADHD waveform samples. Code for the stimulus is provided along with participant demographics, date and time of testing, and where available diagnostic scores for the ASD and ASD + ADHD groups, alongside iris color, electrode position with image files and time domain values for the ERG and summed values for the OPs. The repository contains excel file, exported JSON files on the patient level that are more suitable for machine learning tasks, images of electrode position for each recording and the protocol files for use with the RETeval.

Problem

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Electroretinogram
• Oscillatory Potentials
• Light-Adapted ERG
• ASD with ADHD

Innovation

• electroretinogram
• oscillatory potentials
• autism spectrum disorder
• machine learning dataset
• light-adapted ERG