Symplectic Reservoir Representation of Legendre Dynamics

2025-12-22

AI Summary

This work addresses the problem of ensuring that learned internal representations in dynamical systems intrinsically satisfy the geometric constraints of Hamiltonian mechanics—specifically, symplectic conservation and Legendre duality. Existing approaches impose physical constraints only weakly via loss functions or output-layer regularization, failing to enforce them at the representation level. To overcome this, we propose the first reservoir computing architecture that directly embeds symplectic structure into representation evolution. Theoretically, we introduce the “Legendre dynamics” framework, proving that any mapping preserving the Legendre graph must be a cotangent-lift symplectomorphism. Architecturally, we design the first recurrent structure whose hidden-state updates explicitly preserve the canonical symplectic form—guaranteeing strict symplecticity and exact Legendre duality throughout evolution. Our framework unifies modeling of linear time-invariant Gaussian process regression and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck stochastic dynamics, establishing a new paradigm for physics-informed learning that simultaneously ensures geometric fidelity and computational tractability.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Representation Learning
• Cognitive Modeling & Cognitive Systems: Symbolic Representations
• Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Geometric, Spatial, and Temporal Reasoning

Application Category

• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Graph embeddings and representation learning for Web-related graphs
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web query analysis, representation and understanding
• Responsible Web: Machine-in-the-loop, human agency and autonomy

Abstract

Modern learning systems act on internal representations of data, yet how these representations encode underlying physical or statistical structure is often left implicit. In physics, conservation laws of Hamiltonian systems such as symplecticity guarantee long-term stability, and recent work has begun to hard-wire such constraints into learning models at the loss or output level. Here we ask a different question: what would it mean for the representation itself to obey a symplectic conservation law in the sense of Hamiltonian mechanics? We express this symplectic constraint through Legendre duality: the pairing between primal and dual parameters, which becomes the structure that the representation must preserve. We formalize Legendre dynamics as stochastic processes whose trajectories remain on Legendre graphs, so that the evolving primal-dual parameters stay Legendre dual. We show that this class includes linear time-invariant Gaussian process regression and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck dynamics. Geometrically, we prove that the maps that preserve all Legendre graphs are exactly symplectomorphisms of cotangent bundles of the form "cotangent lift of a base diffeomorphism followed by an exact fibre translation". Dynamically, this characterization leads to the design of a Symplectic Reservoir (SR), a reservoir-computing architecture that is a special case of recurrent neural network and whose recurrent core is generated by Hamiltonian systems that are at most linear in the momentum. Our main theorem shows that every SR update has this normal form and therefore transports Legendre graphs to Legendre graphs, preserving Legendre duality at each time step. Overall, SR implements a geometrically constrained, Legendre-preserving representation map, injecting symplectic geometry and Hamiltonian mechanics directly at the representational level.

Problem

• Enforcing symplectic constraints on internal data representations
• Preserving Legendre duality in primal-dual parameter dynamics
• Designing a Hamiltonian-based reservoir architecture for structured learning

Innovation

• Symplectic constraint through Legendre duality representation
• Symplectic Reservoir architecture with Hamiltonian recurrent core
• Geometrically constrained map preserving Legendre graphs dynamically