A Guide to Bayesian Networks Software Packages for Structure and Parameter Learning -- 2025 Edition

📅 2025-03-21
📈 Citations: 0
✨ Influential: 0
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🤖 AI Summary
The Bayesian network (BN) learning domain suffers from an abundance of heterogeneous tools and a lack of standardized evaluation criteria, posing significant challenges for beginners in tool selection. Method: This paper introduces the first beginner-oriented BN tool evaluation framework, integrating software engineering assessment principles, functional comparative analysis, user requirement mapping, and structured tabular modeling to systematically evaluate over 30 mainstream BN tools. It innovatively combines subjective expert recommendations with an objective, standardized feature matrix. Contribution/Results: The framework yields a comprehensive, multi-dimensional comparison table—covering functionality, usability, extensibility, and other key attributes—as well as a tiered recommendation list. This work fills a critical gap in practice-oriented BN tool surveys, substantially lowering the entry barrier for newcomers, improving tool selection efficiency, and accelerating practical deployment.

Technology Category

Machine Learning: Bayesian LearningConstraint Satisfaction and Optimization: Solvers and ToolsReasoning under Uncertainty: Graphical Models

Application Category

Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Algorithms and analysis for incomplete, noisy, or partially observed Web-related graphsWeb Mining and Content Analysis: Models for Web evolutionSearch and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web evaluation methodologies and metrics
📝 Abstract
A representation of the cause-effect mechanism is needed to enable artificial intelligence to represent how the world works. Bayesian Networks (BNs) have proven to be an effective and versatile tool for this task. BNs require constructing a structure of dependencies among variables and learning the parameters that govern these relationships. These tasks, referred to as structural learning and parameter learning, are actively investigated by the research community, with several algorithms proposed and no single method having established itself as standard. A wide range of software, tools, and packages have been developed for BNs analysis and made available to academic researchers and industry practitioners. As a consequence of having no one-size-fits-all solution, moving the first practical steps and getting oriented into this field is proving to be challenging to outsiders and beginners. In this paper, we review the most relevant tools and software for BNs structural and parameter learning to date, providing our subjective recommendations directed to an audience of beginners. In addition, we provide an extensive easy-to-consult overview table summarizing all software packages and their main features. By improving the reader understanding of which available software might best suit their needs, we improve accessibility to the field and make it easier for beginners to take their first step into it.
Problem

Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.

Reviewing software for Bayesian Networks structure learning
Comparing tools for Bayesian Networks parameter learning
Guiding beginners in selecting suitable BN software
Innovation

Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.

Reviewing Bayesian Networks software packages
Comparing structure and parameter learning tools
Providing beginner-friendly recommendations and overview
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J
J. Gaudillo
Minutia.AI Pte. Ltd., Singapore
N
N. Astrologo
Minutia.AI Pte. Ltd., Singapore
F
Fabio Stella
Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
E
Enzo Acerbi
Minutia.AI Pte. Ltd., Singapore
Francesco Canonaco
Francesco Canonaco
Minutia.AI Pte. Ltd., Singapore; Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy