Spline-Based Boundary Representations for Sparse View Reconstruction and Simulation Using Isogeometric Analysis

2026-07-28

AI Summary

Existing image-based reconstruction methods struggle to produce explicit, watertight, and smooth geometries suitable for numerical simulation. This work proposes a unified optimization framework that directly constructs multi-patch B-spline boundary representations from sparse RGB images, simultaneously achieving geometric reconstruction and simulation-ready modeling. By projecting observed fields—such as temperature or semantic labels—onto the same B-spline basis, the approach seamlessly integrates visual reconstruction with isogeometric analysis (IGA). For the first time, it end-to-end combines image-driven geometry generation with physical field mapping, enabling high-fidelity thermal simulation and modal analysis. The method offers a practical solution for digital twin applications and simulation-driven design.

Abstract

Image-based reconstruction aims to recover three-dimensional geometry from images. Recent advances have enabled the recovery of visually detailed models, yet their representations are not well-suited for numerical simulation. Simulation frameworks typically require explicit, watertight, and smooth geometries to ensure numerical robustness and accuracy, properties that surfaces extracted from image-based reconstructions lack. We propose FORGE-SIM, a method to directly reconstruct a multi-patch B-spline boundary representation from sparse posed RGB images without manual intervention. By optimizing the spline representation itself, our approach produces compact, smooth, and watertight geometries that are natively compatible with both Computer Aided Design and simulation workflows. Additionally, we introduce a strategy to project observation-derived fields, such as a thermal state and semantic information, onto the reconstructed models in the same spline basis, enabling immediate use in simulation. We demonstrate that the obtained models are of sufficiently high quality to enable thermal simulation and modal analysis. By unifying image-based reconstruction and simulation-ready modeling within a single optimization framework, this work removes a long-standing barrier between computer vision and numerical analysis. We anticipate that it will enable new workflows for simulation-driven design, inspection, and digital twin applications.

Problem

• image-based reconstruction
• numerical simulation
• boundary representation
• geometric modeling
• simulation-ready geometry

Innovation

• Isogeometric Analysis
• B-spline Boundary Representation
• Sparse View Reconstruction
• Simulation-Ready Geometry
• Field Projection