Energy Efficiency Optimization for Rotatable Antenna-Enabled Uplink NOMA Systems

2026-06-03

AI Summary

This study addresses uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems equipped with rotatable antennas, introducing antenna rotation for the first time in this context to enhance energy efficiency for both terrestrial and aerial users. To this end, the work proposes a novel joint optimization framework that simultaneously designs receive beamforming, user power allocation, and antenna rotation angles. An efficient block coordinate descent-based algorithm is developed, integrating minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria, fractional programming, and successive convex approximation techniques to solve the resulting non-convex problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed rotatable-antenna NOMA (RA-NOMA) scheme significantly outperforms several existing benchmark methods in terms of system energy efficiency.

Abstract

This paper investigates a rotatable antenna (RA)-enabled uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, where a base station equipped with multiple independently RAs serves both ground and aerial users. Specifically, we formulate an energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem by jointly optimizing receive beamforming, user power allocation, and RA rotation. To make the problem tractable, a new block coordinate descent-based algorithm is developed, in which the receive beamforming is updated via the minimum mean square error criterion, while the power allocation and RA rotation are handled by fractional programming and successive convex approximation. Numerical results demonstrate the EE superiority of the proposed RA-NOMA scheme over several benchmarks.

Problem

• rotatable antenna
• uplink NOMA
• energy efficiency
• beamforming
• power allocation

Innovation

• Rotatable Antenna
• NOMA
• Energy Efficiency Optimization
• Block Coordinate Descent
• Successive Convex Approximation