🤖 AI Summary
This study addresses the vulnerability of widely deployed elliptic curve digital signatures in blockchain systems to quantum attacks and evaluates the practical viability of post-quantum alternatives. We present a unified blockchain prototype that, for the first time, enables end-to-end performance comparison of multiple lattice-based post-quantum signature schemes—including CRYSTALS-Dilithium, Falcon, Hawk, and the emerging HAETAE—under real-world conditions. Through comprehensive benchmarking of critical metrics such as key generation, signing and verification times, and key and signature sizes, we quantitatively assess the computational overhead and storage requirements of each scheme in blockchain contexts. Our empirical findings provide actionable insights and deployment guidance for transitioning to quantum-safe blockchain infrastructures.
📝 Abstract
The long-term security of public blockchains strictly depends on the hardness assumptions of the underlying digital signature schemes. In the current scenario, most deployed cryptocurrencies and blockchain platforms rely on elliptic-curve cryptography, which is vulnerable to quantum attacks due to Shor's algorithm. Therefore, it is important to understand how post-quantum (PQ) digital signatures behave when integrated into real blockchain systems. This report presents a blockchain prototype that supports multiple quantum-secure signature algorithms, focusing on CRYSTALS-Dilithium, Falcon and Hawk as lattice-based schemes. This report also describes the design of the prototype and discusses the performance metrics, which include key generation, signing, verification times, key sizes and signature sizes. This report covers the problem, background, and experimental methodology, also providing a detailed comparison of quantum-secure signatures in a blockchain context and extending the analysis to schemes such as HAETAE.