Compiler Framework for 3D Neutral-Atom Quantum Computers

2026-08-02

AI Summary

This work addresses the limitations of existing quantum compilers, which are confined to two-dimensional architectures and thus fail to exploit the inherent three-dimensional array capabilities of neutral-atom quantum computers. To overcome this, the authors introduce Piqasso, the first compiler tailored for 3D neutral-atom systems. Piqasso features a novel hierarchical stacked architecture combined with an analytical 3D placement strategy that accounts for optical axial clearance, a vertical detour routing scheme to avoid planar conflicts, and a multi-AOD parallel scheduling mechanism across focal planes. Evaluated on 34 benchmark circuits, Piqasso reduces atomic transport distance by 2.1×, achieves up to 7.3× faster execution, improves motional fidelity by 2.2×, and decreases serial transport rounds by 1.8× compared to state-of-the-art planar compilers, with performance gains amplifying as system scale increases.

Abstract

Neutral-atom quantum computers can now arrange atoms in three-dimensional tweezer arrays, yet every existing compiler assumes a flat geometry. We present Piqasso, a compiler that exploits the vertical axis by stacking storage, entanglement, and readout into distinct layers. Its pipeline pairs an analytical placement respecting axial-clearance optics with a router that brings gate partners together via short vertical hops---bypassing in-plane crossing conflicts through out-of-plane detours---and a multi-AOD scheduler that parallelizes transport across focal planes. On 34 circuits, Piqasso reduces atom transport distance by 2.1$\times$ over a state-of-the-art planar compiler, yielding up to 7.3$\times$ faster execution, 2.2$\times$ higher movement fidelity, and 1.8$\times$ fewer serialized transport rounds, with all gains widening at scale.

Problem

• 3D neutral-atom quantum computing
• compiler
• vertical architecture
• qubit transport
• quantum circuit compilation

Innovation

• 3D neutral-atom quantum computing
• compiler framework
• vertical routing
• multi-AOD scheduling
• layered qubit architecture