GeoAgent: Learning to Geolocate Everywhere with Reinforced Geographic Characteristics

2026-02-13

Technology Category

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Geometric, Spatial, and Temporal ReasoningComputer Vision: Remote Sensing / Geospatial AIPlanning, Routing, and Scheduling: Model-Based Reasoning

Application Category

Semantics and Knowledge: Data modeling to support human-machine intelligence, including LLMs agents, intelligent system behavior, explanations, and user-friendly interactionsSearch and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Agentic searchGraph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Foundation models and LLMs for Web-related graphs

Abstract

This paper presents GeoAgent, a model capable of reasoning closely with humans and deriving fine-grained address conclusions. Previous RL-based methods have achieved breakthroughs in performance and interpretability but still remain concerns because of their reliance on AI-generated chain-of-thought (CoT) data and training strategies, which conflict with geographic characteristics. To address these issues, we first introduce GeoSeek, a new geolocation dataset comprising CoT data annotated by geographic experts and professional players. We further thoroughly explore the inherent characteristics of geographic tasks and propose a geo-similarity reward and a consistency reward assessed by a consistency agent to assist training. This encourages the model to converge towards correct answers from a geographic perspective while ensuring the integrity and consistency of its reasoning process. Experimental results show that GeoAgent outperforms existing methods and a series of general VLLMs across multiple grains, while generating reasoning that closely aligns with humans.

Problem

• geolocation
• chain-of-thought
• reinforcement learning
• geographic characteristics
• reasoning consistency

Innovation

• GeoAgent
• geolocation
• reinforcement learning
• chain-of-thought
• geographic reasoning