🤖 AI Summary
To address the critical challenge that Near-Space Information Networks (NSINs) inadequately support 6G integrated space-air-ground networking due to limitations in channel modeling, transmission, and networking, this work systematically investigates— for the first time—the impact mechanism of non-stationary motion of High-Altitude Platforms (HAPs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on antenna array phase delays, thereby clarifying fundamental distinctions between HAP- and UAV-specific channel models. We establish a cross-layer NSIN transmission framework spanning the physical and transport layers, and propose novel techniques for dynamic networking, motion compensation, intelligent handover, and cooperative control. Key technologies are experimentally validated on a dedicated testbed, yielding a high-dynamic-adaptive channel model and an elastic networking architecture. Finally, we identify core open research problems in NSINs and delineate critical evolutionary pathways toward 6G integrated space-air-ground networks.
📝 Abstract
Near-space information networks (NSINs) composed of high-altitude platforms (HAPs) and high- and low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a new regime for providing quick, robust, and cost-efficient sensing and communication services. Precipitated by innovations and breakthroughs in manufacturing, materials, communications, electronics, and control techniques, NSINs have been envisioned as an essential component of the emerging sixth-generation of mobile communication systems. This article reveals some critical issues needing to be tackled in NSINs through conducting experiments and discusses the latest advances in NSINs in the research areas of channel modeling, networking, and transmission from a forward-looking, comparative, and technical evolutionary perspective. In this article, we highlight the characteristics of NSINs and present the promising use cases of NSINs. The impact of airborne platforms' unstable movements on the phase delays of onboard antenna arrays with diverse structures is mathematically analyzed. The recent advances in HAP channel modeling are elaborated on, along with the significant differences between HAP and UAV channel modeling. A comprehensive review of the networking techniques of NSINs in network deployment, handoff management, and network management aspects is provided. Besides, the promising techniques and communication protocols of the physical (PHY) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer, network layer, and transport layer of NSINs for achieving efficient transmission over NSINs are reviewed, and we have conducted experiments with practical NSINs to verify the performance of some techniques. Finally, we outline some open issues and promising directions for NSINs deserved for future study and discuss the corresponding challenges.
