Correction as Annotation: Bootstrapping a Dependency Parser for Documentary Medieval Latin

📅 2026-09-05
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🤖 AI Summary
针对中世纪文献拉丁语处理工具不足的问题,通过迭代纠正标注方法生成领域内训练数据,提高了解析器性能。
📝 Abstract
Medieval documentary sources remain inadequately served by existing natural language processing tools. None of the five readily available Latin treebank models attains usable performance on a collection of 160 inventories compiled in Marseille between 1258 and 1446. The best labelled attachment score is 0.62 and the best morphology-aware score is 0.24. Performance does not correlate with either genre or period proximity. To address this shortfall, in-domain training data was generated as a by-product of using these inadequate models. In each of nine iterations, a model pre-annotated 200 sentences; an expert corrected the annotations; and the corrected sentences were used to train the subsequent model, with batches sampled independently of model state, without active-learning selection. Thirty-three hours of annotation effort over 1,804 sentences increased universal part-of-speech accuracy from 0.80 to 0.98 and labelled attachment from 0.48 to 0.92, outperforming all baselines on the reported metrics while using 97% less training data than the largest one of them. Annotator effort declined from 54% of tokens to a plateau of 14-18%, an operational progress metric that requires no separate gold standard and can serve as a stopping criterion.
Problem

Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.

Medieval documentary sources
natural language processing tools
Latin treebank models
performance inadequacy
Innovation

Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.

bootstrapping
dependency parser
medieval Latin
annotation correction
iterative improvement
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