Lowering the implementation barrier of neutral-atom quantum computing with agentic workflows

2026-07-28

AI Summary

This work addresses the challenge of efficiently deploying theoretical quantum protocols onto neutral-atom quantum processing units (QPUs), a process hindered by high cross-domain technical barriers and procedural complexity. We propose the first end-to-end human-in-the-loop agent workflow tailored for neutral-atom platforms, integrating multi-agent systems, quantum compilation, Rydberg array simulation, cloud-based QPU scheduling, and natural language processing to automate the full pipeline from research papers or patents to experimental execution. An expert validation mechanism is incorporated to ensure scientific validity. The framework enables overnight experimental deployment in three case studies. Analysis of 633 arXiv papers reveals that nearly half of the protocols can be directly executed on current hardware, while the remainder clearly specify required hardware enhancements.

Abstract

Quantum computers are moving from research laboratories to industrial machines accessible via the cloud and integrated into high-performance computing facilities. However, translating theoretical quantum protocols into hardware experiments remains a major bottleneck, requiring expertise across protocol design, compilation, simulation, and cloud execution. Here, we introduce an agentic workflow that automates this pipeline on neutral-atom quantum processors (here two Pasqal QPUs available on the cloud) while keeping the researcher in the loop for critical validation. In three case studies from many-body physics and optimization, the agent went from published paper or patent to a QPU campaign run overnight. In particular, human intervention was crucial to ensure scientific validity: the agent selected an inadequate observable in one experiment and constructed a plausible but incorrect hardware diagnosis in another, with both failures detected only through domain-expert review. Finally, we use a second agent to classify a corpus of 633 Rydberg-array arXiv papers and show that nearly half are implementable on present-day QPUs while identifying specific hardware upgrades needed for the rest. Together, these results demonstrate that agentic workflows provide a practical bridge between theoretical ideas and physical hardware, opening quantum experimentation to a much broader scientific community.

Problem

• neutral-atom quantum computing
• implementation barrier
• quantum protocols
• hardware execution
• scientific accessibility

Innovation

• agentic workflow
• neutral-atom quantum computing
• quantum hardware automation
• Rydberg atom arrays
• cloud-based QPU