Technology Category
Machine Learning: Quantum Machine LearningData Mining & Knowledge Management: Representing, Reasoning, and Using Provenance, TrustGame Theory and Economic Paradigms: Mechanism Design
Quantum Blockchain Survey: Foundations, Trends, and Gaps
🤖 AI Summary
Quantum threats fundamentally undermine the cryptographic foundations of classical blockchains. This paper establishes the first unified analytical framework to systematically survey post-quantum blockchain (PQBC) and quantum blockchain (QBC) research, comparing their security guarantees, scalability, and deployment feasibility across cryptographic primitives, architectural design, and implementation constraints. Methodologically, it integrates post-quantum cryptography, quantum entanglement, and quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, and proposes a multidimensional technical evaluation model. Key contributions include: (1) identifying critical open challenges in hardware compatibility, consensus mechanisms, and network-layer integration; (2) constructing a structured knowledge taxonomy; and (3) pinpointing core research gaps—particularly migration pathways for quantum-resilient transition and lightweight consensus under quantum resource constraints—thereby providing both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the evolution of quantum-secure blockchains.
Technology Category
Application Category
📝 Abstract
Quantum computing poses fundamental risks to classical blockchain systems by undermining widely used cryptographic primitives. In response, two major research directions have emerged: post-quantum blockchains, which integrate quantum-resistant algorithms, and quantum blockchains, which leverage quantum properties such as entanglement and quantum key distribution. This survey reviews key developments in both areas, analyzing their cryptographic foundations, architectural designs, and implementation challenges. This work provides a comparative overview of technical proposals, highlight trade-offs in security, scalability, and deployment, and identify open research problems across hardware, consensus, and network design. The goal is to offer a structured and comprehensive reference for advancing secure blockchain systems in the quantum era.
Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
Quantum computing threatens classical blockchain security
Survey compares post-quantum and quantum blockchain solutions
Identifies gaps in hardware, consensus, and network design
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
Post-quantum blockchains use quantum-resistant algorithms
Quantum blockchains leverage entanglement and QKD
Comparative analysis of security and scalability trade-offs
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