🤖 AI Summary
Novice programmers commonly rely on syntax-oriented, test-driven trial-and-error programming, exhibiting weak systematic reasoning abilities; AI-assisted coding tools exacerbate this issue by frequently generating syntactically correct yet semantically flawed code. To address this, we propose BOOP—the first pedagogical framework enforcing a rigorous four-stage structured programming process: formal specification → language-agnostic algorithm design → implementation → correctness proof. Implemented as a VS Code extension with an OCaml preprocessor, BOOP integrates specification verification and anti-pattern detection. Empirical evaluation demonstrates that BOOP significantly enhances beginners’ algorithmic thinking, boundary-case analysis, and problem decomposition skills. Preliminary results indicate superior performance over conventional instruction in both depth of algorithmic reasoning and foundational competency development. Educator feedback confirms its pedagogical efficacy and usability.
📝 Abstract
Novice programmers frequently adopt a syntax-specific and test-case-driven approach, writing code first and adjusting until programs compile and test cases pass, rather than developing correct solutions through systematic reasoning. AI coding tools exacerbate this challenge by providing syntactically correct but conceptually flawed solutions. In this paper, we introduce BOOP (Blueprint, Operations, OCaml, Proof), a structured framework requiring four mandatory phases: formal specification, language-agnostic algorithm development, implementation, and correctness proof. This shifts focus from ``making code work'' to understanding why code is correct.
BOOP was implemented at our institution using a VS Code extension and preprocessor that enforces constraints and identifies counterproductive patterns. Initial evaluation shows improved algorithmic reasoning and reduced trial-and-error debugging. Students reported better edge case understanding and problem decomposition, though some initially found the format verbose. Instructors observed stronger foundational skills compared to traditional approaches.