Evaluating Performance Characteristic of Opportunistic Routing Protocols: A Case Study of the 2016 Italian League Match Earthquake in the Stadio Adriatico

2026-03-16

AI Summary

针对灾后通信中断问题，利用DTN机会路由协议在模拟地震场景中评估Epidemic与Spray and Wait性能，发现后者在可靠性和效率间更优。

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Search and Optimization: Distributed Search
• Multiagent Systems: Agent Communication

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Data management and stream processing for Web, mobile and wireless applications
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs
• Web Mining and Content Analysis: Content-based information diffusion

Abstract

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) can provide emergency communication support when conventional infrastructure is disrupted during disasters. This paper evaluates the performance of opportunistic routing protocols in a realistic disaster scenario based on the 2016 Central Italy earthquake, modelled as an emergency occurring during a football match at Stadio Adriatico in Pescara. We identify multiple suitable groups of mobile and static nodes, such as audiences, a range of different emergency responders, stage sensors, and vehicles, to design and build evacuation and rescue activities in a partially connected environment. Two representative DTN routing protocols, Epidemic and Spray and Wait, are tested under identical simulation settings and compared using delivery probability, latency, overhead ratio, hop count and dropped messages. The results highlight that Spray and Wait provides a better balance between reliability and efficiency in this scenario, achieving higher delivery probability while reducing overhead and using network resources more efficiently. The study shows the usefulness of DTN simulation for analysing disaster communication performance in emergency response scenarios.

Problem

• Delay Tolerant Networks
• Opportunistic Routing
• Disaster Communication
• Emergency Response
• Performance Evaluation

Innovation

• Delay Tolerant Networks
• Opportunistic Routing
• Disaster Communication
• Spray and Wait
• Emergency Response Simulation