A-Graph: A Unified Graph Representation for At-Will Simulation across System Stacks
🤖 AI Summary
This work proposes A-Graph, a unified graph-based representation that spans the entire system stack by modeling applications, software, architecture, and circuits within a single graph structure. To address the limitations of existing design space exploration methods—which are often domain-specific and lack flexibility for system-level simulation across technology, architecture, and application layers—the authors introduce Archx, a complementary framework that enables on-demand generation of design points and cross-layer performance and cost analysis. By integrating graph modeling, automated design point synthesis, and scope-aware metric retrieval, this approach achieves the first full-stack unified modeling, overcoming the isolation inherent in conventional simulation tools. It demonstrates high simulation accuracy and strong generalization across diverse technologies, architectures, and application scenarios.
Application Category
📝 Abstract
As computer systems continue to diversify across technologies, architectures, applications, and beyond, the relevant design space has become larger and more complex. Given such trends, design space exploration (DSE) at early stages is critical to ensure agile development towards optimal performance and cost. Industry-grade EDA tools directly take in RTL code and report accurate results, but do not perform DSE. Recent works have attempted to explore the design space via simulation. However, most of these works are domain-specific and constrain the space that users are allowed to explore, offering limited flexibility between technologies, architecture, and applications. Moreover, they often demand high domain expertise to ensure high accuracy. To enable simulation that is agnostic to technology, architecture, and application at any granularity, we introduce Architecture-Graph (Agraph), a graph that unifies the system representation surrounding any arbitrary application, software, architecture, and circuit. Such a unified representation distinguishes Agraph from prior works, which focus on a single stack, allowing users to freely explore the design space across system stacks. To fully unleash the potential of Agraph, we further present Archx, a framework that implements Agraph. Archx is user-friendly in two ways. First, Archx has an easy-to-use programming interface to automatically generate and sweep design points under user constraints, boosting the programmability. Second, Archx adopts scope-based metric retrieval to analyze and understand each design point at any user-preferred hierarchy, enhancing the explainability. We conduct case studies that demonstrate Agraph's generalization across technologies, architecture, and applications with high simulation accuracy. Overall, we argue that Agraph and Archx serve as a foundation to simulate both performance and cost at will.
Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
design space exploration
cross-stack simulation
system-level modeling
hardware-software co-design
simulation flexibility
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
A-Graph
design space exploration
cross-stack simulation
unified graph representation
Archx
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