The AI Neuroscientist: An Interactive Agentic Interface for Neuroimaging Analysis

2026-09-21

AI Summary

为解决神经影像数据分析需要专业编码和统计知识的问题，研究提出AI Neuroscientist系统，通过集成大语言模型与神经影像工具集，让研究人员能以自然语言进行数据查询和分析。

Abstract

Analyzing neuroimaging data requires specialized coding and statistical expertise, which limits accessibility for researchers without computational backgrounds. We present the AI Neuroscientist, a language agent for interactive data exploration. The system integrates a large language model (LLM) with a neuroimaging toolset to perform quality control, modeling, and visualization. This allows researchers to query data quality and specify analysis parameters directly in natural language, providing a transparent and interactive alternative to conventional scripted pipelines for small-scale data exploration. We demonstrate these capabilities using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data, and evaluate the agent on a custom fNIRS benchmarking suite against general-purpose LLM agents with code sandboxes. Future extensions will generalize the architecture to additional modalities, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and expand the benchmarking suite to additional fNIRS tasks.

Problem

• neuroimaging analysis
• specialized coding
• statistical expertise
• accessibility
• natural language

Innovation

• large language model
• neuroimaging analysis
• interactive data exploration
• natural language processing