The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Military Operations

2026-09-22

AI Summary

本文探讨了军事行动中AI系统的伦理问题，特别是责任归属难题，并提出了一套包含明确责任角色、对抗性审计等措施的治理框架来解决这个问题。

Abstract

Deep learning systems now mediate military decisions to use force, yet their internal logic resists inspection, their evaluation practices are gameable, and their deployment fractures accountability across dispersed stakeholders. The ethical challenge posed by these systems is fundamentally epistemic: not just whether autonomous weapons should be permitted to kill, but whether the conditions for responsible human judgment can survive when critical functions are delegated to opaque algorithms. We show that this epistemic condition produces a concrete accountability gap: responsibility diffuses across designers, operators, and policymakers while International Humanitarian Law presupposes capacities for judgment that current AI systems lack. To address this gap, we propose a governance framework that proceduralizes ethical constraints through named accountability roles, adversarial auditing with undisclosed benchmarks, tiered deployment thresholds, and a proposed NATO evaluation standard. Counterfactual analysis of eight documented cases (1988-2025) shows that each governance mechanism addresses a documented class of failure, but no single safeguard suffices in isolation: effective governance of military AI requires not only technical constraints but the institutional infrastructure to keep human judgment meaningful.

Problem

• Artificial Intelligence
• Military Operations
• Ethical Challenge
• Accountability Gap
• Human Judgment

Innovation

• governance framework
• adversarial auditing
• tiered deployment thresholds