Qoreo: Choreographic Programming for Quantum Distributed Systems

2026-07-22

AI Summary

Programming distributed quantum systems requires careful coordination of quantum operations, classical communication, and entanglement generation; conventional approaches are error-prone and susceptible to deadlocks or the creation of invalid quantum states. This work proposes Qoreo, the first choreographic programming language for distributed quantum systems, which unifies collaborative behavior through global protocols and automatically projects them into deadlock-free local processes. Qoreo integrates linear types to enforce the no-cloning theorem, introduces a choreography language that seamlessly combines classical and quantum communication, and features an endpoint projection (EPP) mechanism. The framework’s type safety and EPP correctness are formally verified in Rocq. Moreover, Qoreo supports code generation targeting NetQASM and has been validated through simulation and execution on real quantum network hardware.

Abstract

Programming distributed quantum systems requires multiple actors to coordinate precise sequences of quantum operations, classical communication, and entanglement generation. Writing such protocols directly as distributed processes is tedious and error-prone, and subtle mismatches can cause deadlock or silently incorrect quantum states. We present Qoreo, a choreographic programming language for quantum distributed systems in which an entire protocol is expressed as single, global program (a choreography) rather than as a collection of independent actor processes. Qoreo includes a local quantum language with linear types that enforce the no-cloning principle; a choreographic language that combines local quantum computation with inter-actor classical and quantum communication; and a process language for individual network nodes. We prove type safety for choreographies, guaranteeing that well-typed programs implement well-defined quantum operations, and we define endpoint projection~(EPP), which automatically derives a network of independent processes from any choreography. We prove EPP sound and complete with respect to the choreographic semantics; as a corollary, every well-typed choreography projects to a deadlock-free process network. The metatheory of Qoreo is fully mechanized in Rocq, and we provide an extraction pipeline to NetQASM for simulation and deployment on quantum network hardware.

Problem

• quantum distributed systems
• choreographic programming
• deadlock
• quantum protocols
• no-cloning principle

Innovation

• choreographic programming
• quantum distributed systems
• linear types
• endpoint projection
• type safety