Secure Integrated Sensing and Communication Networks: Stochastic Performance Analysis

2025-07-31

AI Summary

This paper investigates the stochastic security performance of downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems, jointly modeling communication secrecy, target angular estimation accuracy, and eavesdropping resistance. A unified analytical framework based on stochastic geometry is proposed, enabling— for the first time—the joint closed-form derivation of the ergodic secrecy rate and the sensing Cramér–Rao bound (CRB). Rayleigh fading channels are adopted, and the central limit theorem is leveraged to approximate the distributions of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and CRB, thereby quantifying the fundamental trade-off between security and sensing performance. The feasible region boundary between CRB and secrecy rate is explicitly characterized, and system optimization is performed under security constraints. The key contribution lies in revealing the intrinsic privacy-sensing–secrecy-communication trade-off in ISAC and establishing an analytically tractable, optimization-friendly theoretical benchmark for stochastic performance evaluation.

Technology Category

• Reasoning under Uncertainty: Stochastic Optimization
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization: Other Foundations of Constraint Satisfaction

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Web performance, measurement, and characterization
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web evaluation methodologies and metrics

Abstract

This paper analyzes the stochastic security performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system in a downlink scenario. A base station (BS) transmits a multi-functional signal to simultaneously communicate with a user, sense a target's angular location, and counteract eavesdropping threats. The attack model considers a passive single-antenna communication eavesdropper intercepting communication data, as well as a multi-antenna sensing eavesdropper attempting to infer the target's location. We also consider a malicious target scenario where the target plays the role of the communication eavesdropper. The BS-user and BS-eavesdroppers channels follow Rayleigh fading, while the target's azimuth angle is uniformly distributed. To evaluate the performance in this random network, we derive the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) and the ergodic Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB), for target localization, at both the BS and the sensing eavesdropper. This involves computing the probability density functions (PDFs) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and CRB, leveraging the central limit theorem for tractability. We characterize the boundary of the CRB-secrecy rate region, and interpret the performance tradeoffs between communication and sensing while guaranteeing a level of security and privacy in the random ISAC networks.

Problem

• Analyzes security in MIMO ISAC systems with eavesdroppers
• Evaluates secrecy rate and target localization performance tradeoffs
• Models Rayleigh fading channels and uniform angle distribution

Innovation

• MIMO ISAC system for secure communication and sensing
• Derives ergodic secrecy rate and CRB for performance
• Analyzes CRB-secrecy rate tradeoff in random networks