PBLH Estimation from Satellite Radiances via a Dual-Encoder Transformer

2026-09-23

AI Summary

本文通过使用双编码器Transformer处理卫星辐射数据，解决了行星边界层高度(PBLH)估计难题，实现了在不同天气条件下的准确预测。

Abstract

Estimating the Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) from satellite observations is a challenging regression problem due to the indirect relationship between top-of-atmosphere radiances and near-surface atmospheric structure. Progress has been limited both by the lack of architectures capable of handling the multimodal, spatially incomplete nature of satellite overpasses, and by the scarcity of suitable datasets. In this paper, we build upon the large-scale dataset pairing MetOp radiances with ERA5 PBLH labels that we introduced in our previous work, making three contributions. First, we establish a benchmark across eight approaches spanning pixel-wise regression, swath-wise sequence models, and convolutional and Transformer models operating on the full orbital passage. Second, we quantify what the resulting model actually relies on, using grouped Shapley decomposition over the input blocks. Third, we present the best-performing architecture found: a dual-encoder Transformer whose masked-input handling lets it operate in all weather conditions. The proposed model achieves MAE = 155.8 m on the held-out global test set, outperforming all baselines on every evaluation subset. On 30 out-of-distribution granules acquired on two days overlapping the TEAMx observational campaign, it achieves MAE = 165.3 m, outperforming a pixel-wise baseline trained on the same data (MAE = 197 m).

Problem

• PBLH
• satellite observations
• regression problem
• top-of-atmosphere radiances
• near-surface atmospheric structure

Innovation

• Dual-Encoder Transformer
• Masked-Input Handling
• Multimodal Data
• Spatial Incompleteness
• Shapley Decomposition