Rethinking Multi-Agent Collaboration: When More Is Less

2026-09-17

AI Summary

研究探讨多智能体协作在何种情况下有效，提出基于语义感知增量图演化的轻量级协作机制SAIGE，适用于长周期稀疏依赖任务。

Abstract

The rapid advancement of large language models and single-agent harnesses has reshaped the landscape of autonomous systems, raising a critical question of when multi-agent collaboration offers genuine value. As individual agent capabilities continue to scale, multi-agent collaboration faces diminishing returns while incurring growing context overhead. Through systematic analysis, we delineate the capability boundaries of multi-agent collaboration relative to single-agent alternatives, showing that it confers systematic benefits specifically in long-horizon tasks with sparse dependencies, while single-agent harnesses remain superior in tightly coupled, sequential workflows. Building on these insights, we propose SAIGE, a lightweight multi-agent collaboration mechanism based on Semantic-Aware Incremental Graph Evolution. SAIGE models collaboration as a dynamically evolving graph, where nodes are agent instances spawned on demand and edges encode semantic dependencies established through content-based information retrieval. Experiments on long-horizon, complex task benchmarks show that SAIGE achieves a favorable trade-off between context efficiency and task performance, and that scaling the agent pool or deepening the recursion level does not consistently improve outcomes. Our findings suggest that multi-agent superiority is bounded by task structure rather than universal, and that more agents do not necessarily make a system more intelligent.

Problem

• multi-agent collaboration
• diminishing returns
• context overhead
• long-horizon tasks
• sparse dependencies

Innovation

• multi-agent collaboration
• Semantic-Aware Incremental Graph Evolution (SAIGE)
• context efficiency