IE-RAP: An Intelligence and Efficient Reader Anti-Collision Protocol for Dense RFID Networks

2026-02-06

AI Summary

This work addresses the severe performance degradation in dense RFID networks caused by reader-to-reader and reader-to-tag interference, which significantly reduces throughput, increases latency, and exacerbates energy consumption. To mitigate these issues, the paper proposes IE-RAP, a novel protocol that integrates intelligent scheduling with a hybrid TDMA/FDMA multiple access mechanism. IE-RAP leverages SIFT hash functions, reader-distance-aware channel allocation, and a dynamic channel release strategy to effectively eliminate redundant tag reads and collision events, while enabling seamless connectivity for mobile readers. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to state-of-the-art approaches, IE-RAP improves system throughput by 26%, reduces average waiting time by 74%, and lowers energy consumption by 52%.

Technology Category

• Application Domains: Internet of Things, Sensor Networks & Smart Cities
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Applications
• Intelligent Robots: Multimodal Perception & Sensor Fusion

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web evaluation methodologies and metrics

Abstract

An advanced technology known as a radio frequency identification (RFID) system enables seamless wireless communication between tags and readers. This system operates in what is referred to as a dense reader environment, where readers are placed close to each other to optimize coverage. However, this setup comes with its challenges, as it increases the likelihood of collisions between readers and tags (reader-to-reader and reader-to-tag), leading to reduced network performance. To address this issue, various protocols have been proposed, with centralized solutions emerging as promising options due to their ability to deliver higher throughput. In this paper, we propose the Intelligence and Efficient Reader Anti-collision Protocol (IE-RAP) that improves network performance such as throughput, average waiting time, and energy consumption, which employs a powerful combination of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) mechanisms. IE-RAP improves the efficiency of RFID networks through techniques such as the SIFT function and distance calculation between readers. By preventing re-read tags and ensuring the on-time release of the communication channel, we effectively eliminate unnecessary collisions. Our simulations emphasize the superiority of our proposed method, it increases 26% throughput, reduces 74% the average waiting time, and lower by 52% the energy consumption compared to existing approaches. Importantly, our solution supports the seamless integration of mobile readers within the network.

Problem

• RFID
• reader collision
• dense reader environment
• anti-collision
• network performance

Innovation

• IE-RAP
• anti-collision protocol
• dense RFID networks
• TDMA/FDMA integration
• SIFT function