Exploring Above-neck Unimanual Swipe Gestures for Off-Device Earable Interaction

2026-06-06

AI Summary

This study addresses the limited interaction modalities of in-ear wearable devices, which are constrained by their compact form factor and restricted input space. It presents the first systematic investigation of non-axial and L/U/V-shaped mid-air swipe gestures performed with one hand above the neck region. Through a within-subjects experiment involving 24 participants and 5,568 gesture trajectories, the research combines qualitative assessments with sensor feasibility analysis to uncover user preferences regarding gesture start and end zones and their perceived intuitiveness. The findings significantly expand the off-body interaction space available for ear-worn devices and provide empirical grounding and technical guidance for future gesture-based interface design in this domain.

Abstract

Despite their growing popularity, in-ear Earable / Hearable devices (i.e., ear-mounted wearables) face interaction challenges due to limited input space and compact form factors. To enhance interaction capabilities, researchers are exploring off-device hand-based input spaces above the neck using midair and onskin gestures. However, existing literature primarily focuses on axial swipes (i.e., horizontal and vertical), leaving nonaxial swipes (i.e., unidirectional swipes with varied orientations) and angular swipes (e.g., L, U, or V) largely underexplored despite their potential interaction advantages. To address this gap, we conducted a within-subject gesture motion analysis study with 24 participants, analyzing 5,568 swipes of varying shape, orientation, and complexity. Our results revealed preferred starting and ending regions for different unidirectional and angular swipe shapes, as well as intuitive swipe shapes within the off-device, above-neck manual interaction space. We further examine off-device swipe characteristics, discuss the feasibility of recognizing these earable gestures with current sensing technologies, and highlight their potential application in various scenarios. These findings broaden the understanding of off-device earable gestures and provide design insights for integrating suitable nonaxial and angular swipes alongside traditional axial gestures to enhance interaction with in-ear earable devices.

Problem

• Earable interaction
• off-device gestures
• nonaxial swipes
• angular swipes
• above-neck interaction

Innovation

• off-device interaction
• earable gestures
• nonaxial swipes
• angular swipes
• above-neck gesture space