🤖 AI Summary
Current large language model (LLM) evaluation frameworks largely neglect critical societal impacts—including environmental sustainability, privacy preservation, digital inclusion, and ethical alignment. Method: This study introduces SPADE, the first integrated four-dimensional assessment framework—encompassing Sustainability, Privacy, Accessibility, and Ethics—grounded in interdisciplinary literature review, policy analysis (e.g., the EU AI Act), and ethical impact assessment to systematically identify structural deficiencies in mainstream LLMs (e.g., ChatGPT) regarding carbon footprint, data exploitation, accessibility for marginalized groups, and value alignment. Contribution/Results: SPADE pioneers the formal integration of ecological sustainability and digital equity into core LLM societal impact evaluation, advancing AI governance from a technology-centric paradigm toward a human-centered and ecologically embedded one. It delivers actionable regulatory audit checklists and developer-oriented implementation guidelines, thereby enabling empirically grounded, socially responsible LLM deployment and policy design.