🤖 AI Summary
The large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) exacerbates peak load and electricity procurement in urban distribution networks. Method: This study develops a digital twin platform for localized urban energy systems, tightly coupling a high-resolution traffic simulation model with power system dynamics—enabling, for the first time, quantitative cross-domain co-simulation of electricity–transport interactions and photovoltaic–storage (PV–storage) coordinated control. Fine-grained modeling incorporates residential EV charging behavior and adaptive PV–storage dispatch strategies. Contribution/Results: Results reveal that uncoordinated residential charging increases annual electricity consumption by 78%; conversely, optimized PV–storage integration reduces peak load and net grid purchases by over 40%, while significantly enhancing local renewable energy self-consumption. The framework provides a reusable, empirically validated modeling and simulation methodology for city-scale vehicle-to-grid (V2G) coordination and integrated energy system optimization.
📝 Abstract
The electrification of the transportation and heating sector, the so-called sector coupling, is one of the core elements to achieve independence from fossil fuels. As it highly affects the electricity demand, especially on the local level, the integrated modeling and simulation of all sectors is a promising approach for analyzing design decisions or complex control strategies. This paper analyzes the increase in electricity demand resulting from sector coupling, mainly due to integrating electric vehicles into urban energy systems. Therefore, we utilize a digital twin of an existing local energy system and extend it with a mobility simulation model to evaluate the impact of electric vehicles on the distribution grid level. Our findings indicate a significant rise in annual electricity consumption attributed to electric vehicles, with home charging alone resulting in a 78% increase. However, we demonstrate that integrating photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems can effectively mitigate this rise.