Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
Multiple Concurrent Proposers
Geographic Decentralization
Quorum Radius
Co-location
On the Geographic Incentives of Multiple Concurrent Proposers
🤖 AI Summary
This study investigates whether multi-proposer concurrent systems can incentivize geographic decentralization. By constructing a game-theoretic model that integrates geometric distance analysis with consensus mechanism simulations, the authors examine proposer location strategies and their impact on network distribution. This work provides the first formal proof that the quorum radius is the core determinant of optimal location selection, revealing that role merging drives colocation whereas role separation fosters diversity. Furthermore, it quantifies how pre-confirmations and high-speed connectivity undermine colocation stability. Ultimately, this research elucidates geographic distribution patterns under varying architectures, demonstrating that latency optimization combined with role separation effectively enhances blockchain decentralization.
📝 Abstract
We study whether systems with multiple concurrent proposers (MCP) incentivize the geographic decentralization of proposers. In our model, concurrent proposers strategically choose their locations to maximize their captured market share of users, who decide where to send transactions by comparing each proposer's time to inclusion. The time to inclusion between a user and a proposer consists of two terms: the distance between them, and the distance between the proposer and her nearest quorum of attesters, the latter of which we term the quorum radius. We formally prove that proposers'quorum radii are the determinant of their incentives: proposers optimally choose where to locate in order to minimize their quorum radii. We obtain as a result co-location when proposers also serve as attesters, but geographic diversity when these roles are separate. We also examine pre-confirmations and faster intervalidator connections, showing that they attenuate the influence of the quorum radius and further destabilize co-location incentives.
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
Multiple Concurrent Proposers
Quorum Radius
Geographic Decentralization
Pre-confirmations
Game Theory
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