A Comparative Study on Robust Topology Optimization of Design-Dependent Pressure-Actuated Compliant Mechanisms with Quadrilateral Elements

📅 2026-09-28
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This study addresses the robust topology optimization of pressure-driven compliant mechanisms under design-dependent loads by systematically comparing the performance of Q4, Q8, and Q9 elements. Methodologically, an output spring approach is integrated with a minimax formulation to maximize output displacement, while the resulting optimization model, subject to volume and strain energy constraints, is solved using the method of moving asymptotes. Through numerical experiments on inverter and gripper mechanisms, this work quantitatively reveals how quadrilateral element selection influences the final topological configurations and mechanical performance. Ultimately, this research provides a clear theoretical foundation and practical engineering guidance for element selection in the design of such compliant mechanisms.
📝 Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study of compliant mechanisms generated using a robust topology optimization technique involving design-dependent pressure loads. Design domains are parameterized using standard and higher-order quadrilateral elements. Both eroded and blueprint configurations are considered. A min-max optimization model combined with an output-spring method is employed to extremize the mechanisms' output displacements. A volume and a strain energy constraint are applied to the blueprint and the eroded designs, respectively. The optimization process is executed using the method of moving asymptotes. Numerical experiments are performed to optimize the pressure-actuated inverter and gripper mechanisms using Q4, Q8, and Q9 elements, and the results are compared. The research highlights how quadrilateral element selection influences both the resulting topologies and performance characteristics.
Problem

Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.

robust topology optimization
compliant mechanisms
design-dependent pressure loads
quadrilateral elements
Innovation

Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.

Robust topology optimization
Design-dependent pressure loads
Compliant mechanisms
Quadrilateral elements
Min-max optimization
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