🤖 AI Summary
This work addresses the challenge of balancing high-frequency, low-value settlement efficiency with strong auditability in distributed energy trading and carbon asset management—a trade-off that purely on-chain or off-chain approaches struggle to reconcile. To overcome this limitation, the paper proposes a hybrid on-chain/off-chain settlement framework. In this architecture, settlement commitments and critical constraints are anchored on-chain, while actual transactions are executed off-chain, generating deterministic data summaries. A replayable audit mechanism securely links these off-chain records to their on-chain anchors, ensuring verifiable audit trails. The proposed approach substantially reduces on-chain storage and computational overhead without compromising audit integrity, thereby breaking the conventional cost–trust trade-off inherent in existing solutions.
📝 Abstract
Distributed energy trading and carbon asset management involve high-frequency, small-value settlements with strong audit requirements. Fully on-chain designs incur excessive cost, while purely off-chain approaches lack verifiable consistency. This paper presents a hybrid on-chain and off-chain settlement framework that anchors settlement commitments and key constraints on-chain and links off-chain records through deterministic digests and replayable auditing. Experiments under publicly constrained workloads show that the framework significantly reduces on-chain execution and storage cost while preserving audit trustworthiness.