🤖 AI Summary
This study critiques the prevailing paradigm that equates design with problem-solving, which often reduces complex socio-political issues to tractable technical challenges—a tendency emblematic of “technological solutionism” that overlooks the inherently political and value-laden nature of problem formulation. To address this, the project introduces the WPR (What’s the Problem Represented to be?) analytical framework from policy studies into design and technology research for the first time. Integrating insights from philosophy of technology and design theory, it offers a dual discursive-material critique of technological artifacts. This approach systematically uncovers the problem representations and ideological presuppositions embedded within technical objects, providing a practical reflective tool that not only challenges technological solutionism but also opens new interdisciplinary pathways between design theory and the philosophy of technology.
📝 Abstract
Design is often characterized as an act of problem-solving. This is a perspective that, while pervasive, risks reducing complex socio-technical conditions to easily fixable issues. This paper critiques the ideology of "design as problem-solving", highlighting its culmination in technological solutionism, where societal and human challenges are reframed as technical problems awaiting technical answers. Drawing on critiques and the recognition of "wicked problems", we argue that design must also be understood as a process of problem-framing, emphasizing the interpretive work involved in defining what counts as a problem and why. To advance this analytical perspective, we propose applying the What's the Problem Represented to be? (WPR) approach from critical policy studies to design and technology. By treating artifacts as materialized problem representations, WPR allows for the systematic unpacking of the ideological, cultural, and political assumptions encoded in technological forms. This analytical lens can reveal hidden problematisations within artifacts, foster reflexive design practice, and empirically challenge techno-solutionism. Ultimately, integrating WPR into design research enriches both design theory and philosophy of technology by offering a method to interrogate how technologies shape, and are shaped by, the questions they claim to answer.