Neural Fourier Surrogates for Data Reuploading Quantum Neural Networks
This study addresses the blurred boundary between quantum neural networks (QNNs) and classical models, which stems from the absence of fair comparison benchmarks. We propose the Neural Fourier Surrogate (NFS) architecture, which integrates neural quantum states with random Fourier feature techniques to efficiently learn coefficients under a unified Fourier basis. This approach constructs a classical surrogate network supporting finite Fourier series, serving as a natural classical baseline for evaluating data-reuploading QNNs. Experimental results demonstrate that NFS achieves performance comparable to both classical models and QNNs on tabular benchmarks. Consequently, this work establishes a rigorous and effective evaluation framework for quantifying potential quantum advantages in machine learning tasks.