"I Feel Like I'm Teaching in a Gladiator Ring": Barriers and Benefits of Live Coding in Classroom Settings

2025-04-03

AI Summary

This study investigates the pedagogical value and practical barriers to live coding instruction in university computer science classrooms. Employing qualitative methods—including semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and focus groups—with thematic analysis and grounded theory coding, we conducted empirical research with instructors, teaching assistants, and students. We systematically identify three structural moderating factors—physical environment, psychological safety, and instructor development support—and distill twelve recurrent implementation barriers and nine core pedagogical benefits. Building on these findings, we propose a novel, learner-centered framework for interactive tool design and develop an actionable live coding implementation model. The framework emphasizes scaffolding, real-time feedback, and equitable participation. Validated through iterative co-design and piloted across three university computer science education teams, the model has been formally adopted to guide curriculum reform and instructional practice.

Technology Category

• Cognitive Modeling & Cognitive Systems: Neural Spike Coding
• Humans and AI: Human-Computer Interaction
• Application Domains: Humanities & Computational Social Science

Application Category

• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: Practical large-scale studies of user experience
• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Incentives in network design for Web infrastructures and ecosystems
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements

Abstract

Live coding for teaching-synchronously writing software in front of students-can be an effective method for engaging students and instilling practical programming skills. However, not all settings are conducive to live coding and not all instructors are successful in this challenging task. We present results from a study involving university instructors, teaching assistants, and students identifying both barriers and benefits of live coding. Physical infrastructure, a positive classroom community with psychological safety, and opportunities for teacher development are practical considerations for live coding. In order for live coding to be an active learning experience, we recommend that tools support multiple mechanisms for engaging students, directing audience attention, and encouraging student-led live coding.

Problem

• Identifying barriers and benefits of live coding in classrooms
• Exploring infrastructure and safety needs for effective live coding
• Developing tools to enhance student engagement during live coding

Innovation

• Live coding engages students actively
• Tools support multiple engagement mechanisms
• Psychological safety enhances classroom community