🤖 AI Summary
This work addresses the challenge of energy-efficient mission planning for quadrupedal robots operating on outdoor sloped terrains, where uncertain energy consumption compromises range and task execution. To this end, the authors propose a lightweight, path-level energy consumption model that relies solely on standard onboard sensors. Built upon empirical field data, the model formulates a compact function of slope angle and heading direction, enabling deployment in unknown environments without specialized instrumentation. Experimental validation demonstrates that the model accurately captures key energy characteristics—namely, the near-linear increase in energy cost with slope steepness, higher energy expenditure during lateral motion, and the additive nature of energy consumption across segmented paths. By providing reliable energy estimates, the model effectively supports efficient task planning and significantly enhances energy utilization in outdoor robotic operations.
📝 Abstract
Energy management is a fundamental challenge for legged robots in outdoor environments. Endurance directly constrains mission success, while efficient resource use reduces ecological impact. This paper investigates how terrain slope and heading orientation influence the energetic cost of quadruped locomotion. We introduce a simple energy model that relies solely on standard onboard sensors, avoids specialized instrumentation, and remains applicable in previously unexplored environments. The model is identified from field runs on a commercial quadruped and expressed as a compact function of slope angle and heading. Field validation on natural terrain shows near-linear trends of force-equivalent cost with slope angle, consistently higher lateral costs, and additive behavior across trajectory segments, supporting path-level energy prediction for planning-oriented evaluation.