Improving Synthetic Data Generation for Argument Mining via Adversarial Reinforcement Learning

2026-10-05

AI Summary

This study addresses the scarcity of high-quality structure-annotated data in argumentation mining and the limited accuracy and diversity of existing synthetic data. To overcome these challenges, this work proposes an adversarial reinforcement learning framework based on large language models. The method jointly optimizes a generator and a discriminator, leveraging an adversarial feedback mechanism to guide the generator in progressively improving structural accuracy while preserving data diversity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently enhances argumentation mining performance across three benchmark datasets under both full-data and low-resource settings, effectively alleviating the bottleneck associated with acquiring high-quality training data.

Abstract

Argument Mining (AM) is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of high-quality structure-annotated datasets. While LLMs have shown promise in synthetic data generation, producing synthetic AM data that is both structurally accurate and sufficiently diverse remains a challenging problem. To address this problem, we revisit synthetic data generation for AM from a new perspective and propose a novel adversarial reinforcement learning framework for data synthesis. The proposed framework jointly optimizes the generator and the discriminator in an adversarial loop, in which the generator produces structured AM instances, and the discriminator provides learning signals by distinguishing real data from synthetic candidates. This enables the generator to progressively improve both the structural accuracy of generated argument data while maintaining diversity through adversarial feedback. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently improves AM performance on three benchmark datasets in both full-data and low-resource settings, validating its effectiveness and scalability.

Problem

• Argument Mining
• Synthetic Data Generation
• Data Scarcity
• Structural Accuracy
• Diversity

Innovation

• Argument Mining
• Adversarial Reinforcement Learning
• Synthetic Data Generation
• Generator-Discriminator Optimization
• Low-resource Settings