cross-chain coordination layer

This work addresses the challenge of formally modeling and verifying high-level coordination logic in smart contracts within decentralized systems. It proposes a formal method based on coordination models that supports dynamic roles, data-driven state transitions, and external coordination interfaces. For the first time, this approach integrates formal coordination models with automated code generation and test case synthesis for smart contracts, yielding a platform-agnostic toolchain extensible to multiple contract languages. The expressiveness and engineering practicality of the method are demonstrated through the modeling and implementation of several representative coordination patterns.

Existing blockchain smart contracts lack a transaction ordering mechanism that simultaneously balances expressiveness and block production efficiency. This work proposes a monotonic priority system that enables developers to assign integer-valued global priorities to function calls, subject to the constraint that a call’s priority must not exceed that of any call it depends on. Block builders then sequence transactions in non-increasing order of priority. For the first time, this study formally derives a contract-specific transaction ordering rule as the unique solution satisfying five independent axioms. The resulting framework guarantees both high expressiveness and tractability, offering a theoretically rigorous yet practical foundation for transaction ordering in blockchain systems.

This study addresses the trade-off identification and Pareto-optimal configuration of blockchain’s “trilemma”—decentralization, scalability, and security—where existing analyses lack a unified conceptual framework and quantifiable metrics. Method: We first construct an operationalizable, three-dimensional metric system, explicitly defining the theoretical semantics and measurement methodologies for each sub-concept. Subsequently, we propose a cross-chain comparable analytical framework, integrating systematic literature review, conceptual analysis, and indicator operationalization modeling to derive a concept–indicator mapping matrix and delineate the applicability boundaries of each metric across blockchain paradigms (e.g., public vs. consortium chains). Contribution/Results: The work establishes a rigorous theoretical foundation and methodological toolkit for empirical evaluation and optimization-driven design of blockchain systems, enabling evidence-based trade-off analysis and configuration decisions.

This work addresses the challenge of ensuring cross-chain atomicity under asynchronous communication and Byzantine node settings by proposing a cross-chain protocol that supports composable atomic transactions. The protocol employs a shared coordination layer—comprising a sequencer, transaction processor, coordinator, and confirmation layer—to guarantee all-or-nothing execution of cross-chain operations while preserving individual chain autonomy. It innovatively separates accepted and deferred transaction sets and integrates timeout mechanisms with dependency depth limits, achieving minimal blocking and bounded latency under strong safety and liveness guarantees. Formal verification and experimental evaluation demonstrate that the protocol attains high transaction success rates under moderate cross-chain loads and quantifies the trade-off between success rate and dependency-induced delay.

Existing blockchain-based inter-organizational process solutions suffer from low throughput, high latency, and an inherent trade-off between confidentiality and transparency. To address these limitations, this paper introduces the “process channel” paradigm—the first systematic integration of state channels into business process modeling and execution. It relocates process logic to an off-chain channel layer while preserving auditability and security, thereby decoupling execution efficiency from on-chain constraints. Built upon Ethereum and Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), we implement a prototype supporting Solidity smart contracts and conduct empirical Gas-cost analysis. Results show slightly higher initial deployment overhead, but net cost savings emerge after just a few process instances. Correctness is formally verified at 100%; on-chain Gas consumption decreases by over 90%; and all security and consistency guarantees remain strictly intact.

This study addresses a critical gap in blockchain research, which has predominantly focused on on-chain transactions while neglecting the comprehensive lifecycle management of cryptographic assets. For the first time, the paper introduces the ISO 15489-1:2016 records management standard into the blockchain domain, leveraging records lifecycle theory to propose a seven-stage data lifecycle framework spanning from creation to disposition. The applicability of this model is demonstrated through case studies involving Bitcoin, fungible tokens, and non-fungible tokens. By elucidating the inherent characteristics of blockchain as a records management system, the framework clarifies the boundaries between on-chain and off-chain data and examines how privacy-enhancing technologies affect lifecycle visibility. This structured perspective offers valuable insights for the governance of crypto-assets, regulatory compliance, and forensic investigations.

This study addresses the high end-to-end transaction latency and limited efficiency inherent in blockchain systems due to their fixed block creation mechanisms. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose an adaptive block creation strategy that dynamically adjusts based on real-time workload and system resource conditions. A mathematical model is developed to jointly predict transaction latency and success rate, enabling proactive performance optimization. The approach is implemented using Docker containerization and evaluated through extensive simulations under diverse workload patterns and hardware configurations, with performance metrics measured empirically. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately captures system behavior and significantly reduces transaction latency, thereby offering both theoretical insights and a practical framework for designing low-latency blockchain systems.

本文研究了链下组件中的信息流控制问题，使用静态信息流控制技术来确保链上和链下组件间数据的完整性和保密性。

本文提出CARE架构，通过明确责任边界和域范围的能力解析来解决模块化智能合约系统中的协调、共享状态等问题，并使用TLA+进行形式化验证。

Current DevOps infrastructures for blockchain applications are predominantly controlled by single entities, lacking decentralized deployment and governance mechanisms. This work proposes a decentralized deployment architecture decoupled from specific governance and upgrade schemes, integrating DAO-based governance, smart contract upgradability, and DevOps best practices. By adopting an extended registry pattern, the architecture enables deterministic deployments and, for the first time, incorporates version control, testing and validation, and user interface components into a unified decentralized framework. The project provides an open-source reference implementation that substantially lowers the barrier to practical decentralized deployment. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed architecture.