Measuring Behavioural Signatures of Large Language Models through Psychometric Profiling

2026-09-19

AI Summary

研究通过心理测量分析法评估了九种大型语言模型的行为特征，揭示了它们在不同语言和条件下的行为规律及适用边界。

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human decisions and communication, yet their behavioural regularities remain difficult to characterize systematically. We develop a cross-linguistic psychometric profiling framework and evaluate nine LLMs using seven psychological instruments, with five repeated administrations per model and language in Chinese and English. Items unresolved after a prespecified retry procedure are retained as NA. Joint analysis of scored and NA responses captures response tendencies and boundaries of self-report applicability. LLMs exhibit structured, model-specific profiles despite a shared alignment-shaped pattern of higher prosocial and self-regulatory responses and lower dominance, disengagement and harmful-intent endorsement. NA responses are structured rather than uniformly distributed, indicating where outputs are treated as inapplicable, refused or cannot be mapped to valid response options. Language condition and provider origin are associated with profile configuration and answerability, whereas repeated administrations show high reproducibility and permit recovery of model identity. Human-reference and prompt-robustness analyses further indicate that these signatures are context dependent. Joint analysis of psychometric profiling and answerability offers a framework for quantifying deployment-level behavioural signatures.

Problem

• Large Language Models
• Behavioral Regularities
• Psychometric Profiling

Innovation

• psychometric profiling
• large language models
• cross-linguistic analysis
• reproducibility
• behavioural signatures